transit visa in china or Russia?

Hi guys,

does anyone knows if there is a transit visa for China?
Would have to cross just for a few days whether from Kyrgyzstan or Kazakhstan to Mongolia or from Kyrgyzstan to Pakistan via Chinese territory.

Other possibility would be crossing from Kazakhstan to Mongolia via transit through Russia.
Any recent news where to apply for a Russian visa, Transit or Tourist? Thought about Astana but found another consulate in Ust-Kamenogorsk. Others would be in Almaty or Bishkek I guess.

Thanks for any help

cheers
Sven